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podfic, permissions, and false analogies
Inevitably, given the recent controversies, I have been thinking about the issue of podfic and permissions. (For the record, before I go any further, I would like to note that I have given blanket-ish permission for people to podfic my stories.) In particular, I'm thinking about the analogy sometimes made between podfic of a fanfic and fanfic of a professionally-made source text. "You didn't ask permission to write that fanfic," the argument runs, "so you have no right to say that people should ask permission to podfic it, or to impose conditions on how it can be podficced."
It's a false analogy for a couple of reasons.
1) Words.
A fanfic does not reproduce the words of the original. Some fanfic writers may borrow a little bit of dialogue from the source text, but mostly, they create new words, and also new situations or new views of canonical situations.
If you podfic a fanfic I wrote, on the other hand, it's still the same words. What you're doing is taking my words, the very story that I wrote, and putting it into a new format that I don't have control over. You're also, probably, archiving it in places that I don't have control over either. I don't have the ability to take your podfic down if I decide I don't like it. I'm not saying I should, because you put a lot of work and creativity into that podfic. But I put work and creativity into my words, too. When a podficcer says that they should have blanket permission to podfic anything they like, however they like, and post it wherever they like, they're asking for control over the fanfic author's words and they're not giving any control in return.
This also applies to things like editing a fanfic for podficcing purposes, or adding music. What if you add a song that I think the characters would hate, or that I think is the wrong tone for my story? Again, if you want to do that kind of thing without permission, you're asking for control over my words.
2) Distinction and authorization
When I write a Rivers of London fanfic (I use this example because it's a book fandom for a series that is still being written, unlike, say, Sherlock Holmes with its stable canon and its dead author), no one is going to mistake my story for something Ben Aaronovitch wrote. Nor for something he authorized, something that's "official" or canonical to Rivers of London. There are a couple of reasons for that besides the fact that my name is not Ben Aaronovitch. For one thing, readers acquire my fanfic in a completely different kind of space than Aaronovitch's novels. They don't buy my story in a store, whether bricks-and-mortar or online; they find it on my journal or on AO3, in spaces that are explicitly fannish and unofficial, and therefore distinct. And of course they don't buy my story at all; unlike most source texts, fanfic is distributed for free. There are clear boundaries between fanworks and their source texts. Therefore, since my fanfic is clearly unauthorized and unofficial, no one will think that my story is really part of Ben Aaronovitch's canonical Rivers of London series.
The boundary between fanworks and podfics based on them is much less clear. They're available in the same kinds of spaces, fannish spaces, and because of how fandom works, there's an assumption of cooperation that wouldn't be made about fanfic of a professional source. Someone could easily assume that a podfic fully represents my story. Perhaps they assume that I listened to it and okayed it before it was posted. They might think that the choices you made in recording (tone, pace, emphasis, etc.) are the choices I would have made had I recorded it myself, when in fact I might have made completely different choices. Maybe that line you thought was funny, I meant to be serious, or vice versa. Maybe I think Character X should sound sad here, not angry. Your interpretation of the story in podfic may be drastically different from how I myself see the story, yet because of the lack of clear boundaries, someone may take your podfic as authoritative and assume I agree with your interpretation.
This is something I try to be sanguine about, with varying success. Other fanfic writers may be deeply uncomfortable with it, and so they might want to hear how you read before they give permission, or impose limitations on what you can do (e.g. no editing), or even hear the finished product before you post it so they know you pronounced the character names right and that the line they think is kind of hilarious is still hilarious. I don't think this makes them hypocrites, or mean, or podfic haters. Remember, this is their words. It's different from a sequel or prequel or remix because it's still their actual words.
"But," one might object, "I'm sure J.K. Rowling didn't have control over how the Harry Potter audiobooks (or films, for that matter) were made! And playwrights don't get to veto performances!" No, but they get paid. They sign over their right of control in exchange for money (and they can always refuse to do so, if they like). We don't get paid in fandom; we just get the recognition of our work. And a podfic that can change that work, that will almost inevitably change a fan writer's words (either literally changing them through editing or more subtly changing the meaning due to performance choices) makes that simple fannish equation a lot more complicated. The insistence I've seen from some quarters that everyone should give unconditional blanket permission to podfic, not to mention the no-permission-is-necessary stance that some podficcers have, takes away the author's right to refuse to have their words changed by someone else. And that really troubles me.
I'm not saying that podfic is bad or wrong or creepy. All I'm saying is that the relationship between podfic and fanfic, between podficcers and fanfic writers, is different from that between fanfic and source texts. Fan writers and professional creators are not part of the same community, but fan writers and podficcers are, at least supposedly. And because of that, because of the indistinction of the boundaries, we need to be sensitive to each other. Fanfic writers are not creators of commercial product, monetarily compensated, whose work and reputations will never be affected by fanfic, podfic, etc. and who therefore really have no right to a say in it. Fanfic writers write for the love of it, and because we are part of a community, we are affected by what people do with our stories. It would be nice not to be treated like the enemy.
Comments are, for the moment, open, but if things get ugly I reserve the right to freeze threads, use the banhammer, or shut the whole post down.
It's a false analogy for a couple of reasons.
1) Words.
A fanfic does not reproduce the words of the original. Some fanfic writers may borrow a little bit of dialogue from the source text, but mostly, they create new words, and also new situations or new views of canonical situations.
If you podfic a fanfic I wrote, on the other hand, it's still the same words. What you're doing is taking my words, the very story that I wrote, and putting it into a new format that I don't have control over. You're also, probably, archiving it in places that I don't have control over either. I don't have the ability to take your podfic down if I decide I don't like it. I'm not saying I should, because you put a lot of work and creativity into that podfic. But I put work and creativity into my words, too. When a podficcer says that they should have blanket permission to podfic anything they like, however they like, and post it wherever they like, they're asking for control over the fanfic author's words and they're not giving any control in return.
This also applies to things like editing a fanfic for podficcing purposes, or adding music. What if you add a song that I think the characters would hate, or that I think is the wrong tone for my story? Again, if you want to do that kind of thing without permission, you're asking for control over my words.
2) Distinction and authorization
When I write a Rivers of London fanfic (I use this example because it's a book fandom for a series that is still being written, unlike, say, Sherlock Holmes with its stable canon and its dead author), no one is going to mistake my story for something Ben Aaronovitch wrote. Nor for something he authorized, something that's "official" or canonical to Rivers of London. There are a couple of reasons for that besides the fact that my name is not Ben Aaronovitch. For one thing, readers acquire my fanfic in a completely different kind of space than Aaronovitch's novels. They don't buy my story in a store, whether bricks-and-mortar or online; they find it on my journal or on AO3, in spaces that are explicitly fannish and unofficial, and therefore distinct. And of course they don't buy my story at all; unlike most source texts, fanfic is distributed for free. There are clear boundaries between fanworks and their source texts. Therefore, since my fanfic is clearly unauthorized and unofficial, no one will think that my story is really part of Ben Aaronovitch's canonical Rivers of London series.
The boundary between fanworks and podfics based on them is much less clear. They're available in the same kinds of spaces, fannish spaces, and because of how fandom works, there's an assumption of cooperation that wouldn't be made about fanfic of a professional source. Someone could easily assume that a podfic fully represents my story. Perhaps they assume that I listened to it and okayed it before it was posted. They might think that the choices you made in recording (tone, pace, emphasis, etc.) are the choices I would have made had I recorded it myself, when in fact I might have made completely different choices. Maybe that line you thought was funny, I meant to be serious, or vice versa. Maybe I think Character X should sound sad here, not angry. Your interpretation of the story in podfic may be drastically different from how I myself see the story, yet because of the lack of clear boundaries, someone may take your podfic as authoritative and assume I agree with your interpretation.
This is something I try to be sanguine about, with varying success. Other fanfic writers may be deeply uncomfortable with it, and so they might want to hear how you read before they give permission, or impose limitations on what you can do (e.g. no editing), or even hear the finished product before you post it so they know you pronounced the character names right and that the line they think is kind of hilarious is still hilarious. I don't think this makes them hypocrites, or mean, or podfic haters. Remember, this is their words. It's different from a sequel or prequel or remix because it's still their actual words.
"But," one might object, "I'm sure J.K. Rowling didn't have control over how the Harry Potter audiobooks (or films, for that matter) were made! And playwrights don't get to veto performances!" No, but they get paid. They sign over their right of control in exchange for money (and they can always refuse to do so, if they like). We don't get paid in fandom; we just get the recognition of our work. And a podfic that can change that work, that will almost inevitably change a fan writer's words (either literally changing them through editing or more subtly changing the meaning due to performance choices) makes that simple fannish equation a lot more complicated. The insistence I've seen from some quarters that everyone should give unconditional blanket permission to podfic, not to mention the no-permission-is-necessary stance that some podficcers have, takes away the author's right to refuse to have their words changed by someone else. And that really troubles me.
I'm not saying that podfic is bad or wrong or creepy. All I'm saying is that the relationship between podfic and fanfic, between podficcers and fanfic writers, is different from that between fanfic and source texts. Fan writers and professional creators are not part of the same community, but fan writers and podficcers are, at least supposedly. And because of that, because of the indistinction of the boundaries, we need to be sensitive to each other. Fanfic writers are not creators of commercial product, monetarily compensated, whose work and reputations will never be affected by fanfic, podfic, etc. and who therefore really have no right to a say in it. Fanfic writers write for the love of it, and because we are part of a community, we are affected by what people do with our stories. It would be nice not to be treated like the enemy.
Comments are, for the moment, open, but if things get ugly I reserve the right to freeze threads, use the banhammer, or shut the whole post down.
straw man alert
Can you show me one example of that in the wild? Just one?
I have seen examples of the other thing you are talking about, that is, podficcers who contend that they don't or shouldn't need permission from authors to record their work. But the podficcers who are asking authors to post blanket permissions statements if the authors are happy to grant blanket permission, or blanket noes if the authors do not want their work podficced, or blanket statements of what their conditions are, if they want to permit podfics under certain conditions, are all implicitly supporting the rights of authors to grant or withhold permission.
Re: straw man alert
ETA: And that list is here. Be sure to read the comments, where someone charmingly compares people who are uncomfortable about the list to rape apologists. They apologized, but the comparison was still made.
Re: straw man alert
So, yet, people are boasting of giving authors a chance and then treating them as fair game.
Re: straw man alert
I don't think most podficcers would do something like that, but then, my post itself is in response to people who are taking an extreme position.
Re: straw man alert
I also do see this as a case where there are people (probably a small and vocal minority - it usually is) supporting a view which seems to me to be unrealistic, namely that podfics are in the same relationship to the written fic as fanfic is to the source material, and that the norm with creating a podfic ought to be the same as that applied to creating any fanfic, namely do it, post it, and don't deliberately draw it to the source's attention.
And I'm concerned that there seems to be a creeping strategy used by holders of that view to try to incrementally change norms of acceptable conduct.
Re: straw man alert
Re: straw man alert
The person who had bought my podficcing services at charity auction said they would ask all the writers for permission. That person tried to contact the writer (the blanket no was not up at that time), but didn't get a response at first. They came back a while later and told me they had tried an alternate email and got a yes that way, so I made the podfic.
The minute I found out the writer had not given that yes, I took the podfic down and apologized to the writer. The writer was appeased by my actions and said they were sorry I got caught I was misinformed. I have never made the mistake of letting someone else procure permission for me since.
Re: straw man alert
And charity auctions are one area where I do think it's particularly important for the writer to reserve the right to say no. I've had someone ask me to do a podfic of one of my fics for charity, and it turned out brilliantly - that's the one I mentioned on my post where she did a line in a completely different way to anything I'd ever thought of it sounding, almost a robotic sound, and it worked superbly. But certainly when agreeing to her doing the podfic one factor which really made me keen to assist if possible was that the charity was Planned Parenthood. If the charity had been the Susan G Komen foundation my answer would have been no to anyone who'd asked.
By the way, I came across that link in a discussion in a podfic space of how appalling writers could be and how important it was to name and shame writers who didn't comply with podficcers' ideas of courteous conduct. That discussion, and its comments both on livejournal and DW has really shaped my approach to this debate. I don't mind the idea of a list of blanket "no" responses as well as a list of blanket "yes" responses, but the idea of a blacklist of people who don't sufficiently toe the party line - including, in this case, it now appears someone who'd actively been lied about by the person claiming to have got the permission - is something I find very upsetting.
Re: straw man alert
Key line:
As you can see,